Furnace

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Kit (Furnace)

Volume	1000 L
Recipes
Autolathe	30g Iron, 10g Copper
Fabricator	30g Iron, 10g Copper

This article is about the basic furnace. For the advanced version, see Advanced Furnace.

Furnace

Operation
Prefab Hash	1947944864
Prefab Name	StructureFurnace
Construction
Placed with	Kit (Furnace)
Placed on	Small Grid
Stage 1
Next Stage Construction
Constructed with tool	Wrench
Constructed with item	2x Iron Sheets
Deconstruction
Deconstructed with	Crowbar
Item received	Kit (Furnace)
Stage 2
Next Stage Construction
Constructed with tool	Welding Torch
Constructed with item	2x Iron Sheets
Deconstruction
Deconstructed with	Crowbar
Item received	2x Iron Sheets
Stage 3
Deconstruction
Deconstructed with	Angle Grinder
Item received	2x Iron Sheets

Description

The Furnace is used to smelt ore into ingots and alloys using an oxygen/volatile gas mix. Ice (Oxite) and Ice (Volatiles) can be manually input directly in the furnace in order to create crude gas mixtures, or to be directly extracted as an easy trick for melting ice.

It features a gas pipe input port (connected to its internal storage through an internal always-open one-way valve), a gas pipe output port (which lacks a one-way valve and acts as a bidirectional gas port), and a liquid output port (which acts as an always-open condensation valve).

If the contents of the furnace are ejected without reaching the required temperature and pressure for smelting, they'll come out as Reagent Mix which can be processed in a Centrifuge to recover the raw ores. Reagent Mix can also be re-smelted if the ingredients and ratios are a valid alloy recipe. This allows an intermission when the resources for reaching the required temperature / pressure are not on hand / need to be gathered first. Effectively, this means that the used metals can be 'reserved' for the intended alloy.

The Furnace can be used to smelt basic ores and simpler alloys, but an Advanced Furnace will be required for the more complex alloys.

An Arc Furnace (included in the starting gear) is required to make the metals for manufacturing a Furnace. By comparison, the Furnace can do everything the Arc Furnace can do, but without using electricity, and far more efficiently.

Danger: The furnace is not insulated, so it interacts with the surrounding atmosphere and can heat rooms to dangerous levels within minutes.

All the alloys the furnace can smelt are easily achieved with ice, and they can also be smelted using gases fed into the furnace through the pipe inputs. Regardless of which method is used the furnace gases must be purged thru a working piping setup (a valve and passive vent at bare minimum to vent the internal gasses).

Gaseous fuel can be premixed and fed into the furnace. This can be done either by feeding Volatile ices and Oxite ices in an Ice Crusher in the correct ratio to produce fuel. The optimal gas mix that burns completely is 1 part (33.3%) oxygen to 2 parts (66.6%) volatiles, other mixes could also work but leave either leftover oxygen or volatiles depending on the percentages used. 
 Alternately you could separate the gases into tanks using atmospheric units and pipe individual gases through a mixer and a Pressure Regulator or a Pipe Volume Pump connected to the furnace input. The Furnace's output can also be extracted and vented/recycled through a backpressure regulator to maintain furnace pressure. Adding additional gases to the furnace can result in lower temperature if that is desired, but you could also use a volume pump with a lower fuel input setting.

Make sure to put the fuel in first, then press the activate button. Afterwards put in the ingredients and press the handle after you see the "will produce" while hovering over the furnace. Also, You MUST put in exact amounts matching the recipe amounts. For instance, you must put in 12 iron and 4 coal to make 16 steel. You cannot put in 12 iron and 7 coal. The furnace will not manufacture anything if the ingredient ratios are not correct and you will have to eject it all or add resources to balance the recipe.

Required conditions for smelting

The following table shows the pressure and temperature conditions required to smelt various ores and alloys.

Ingot	Input	Pressure (MPa)		Temperature (K)		Temperature (°C)
		Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max
1 Charcoal	1 Biomass	0.1 MPa	100 MPa	580 K	100 kK	307°C	99726°C
1 Silicon	1 Silicon	0.1 MPa	100 MPa	900 K	100 kK	627°C	99726°C
1 Iron	1 Iron	0.1 MPa	100 MPa	800 K	100 kK	527°C	99726°C
1 Gold	1 Gold	0.1 MPa	100 MPa	600 K	100 kK	327°C	99726°C
1 Copper	1 Copper	0.1 MPa	100 MPa	600 K	100 kK	327°C	99726°C
1 Silver	1 Silver	0.1 MPa	100 MPa	600 K	100 kK	327°C	99726°C
1 Lead	1 Lead	0.1 MPa	100 MPa	400 K	100 kK	127°C	99726°C
1 Nickel	1 Nickel	0.1 MPa	100 MPa	800 K	100 kK	527°C	99726°C
4 Steel	3 Iron 1 Coal	1 MPa	100 MPa	900 K	100 kK	627°C	99726°C
2 Electrum	1 Silver 1 Gold	0.8 MPa	2.4 MPa	600 K	100 kK	327°C	99726°C
2 Invar	1 Iron 1 Nickel	18 MPa	20 MPa	1.2 kK	1.5 kK	927°C	1227°C
2 Constantan	1 Copper 1 Nickel	20 MPa	100 MPa	1 kK	10 kK	727°C	9726°C
2 Solder	1 Iron 1 Lead	1 MPa	100 MPa	350 K	550 K	77°C	277°C
Update 0.2.2768.13597 - Thu 11/02/2021 /Recipes

Alloy recipes

Ice only recipes

The ices should be loaded into the furnace and ignited, and then the ores should be loaded immediately after. No wait time is necessary. Make sure to put the fuel in first, then press the activate button. Afterwards put in the ingredients and wait for the button to turn green again, or until you see the "will produce" while hovering over the furnace. Then pull the handle and your alloy will be ejected.

Ice Chunks	Ingredients	Temperature	Pressure	Alloy
2 Volatiles 1 Oxite	75 Iron Ore 25 Coal	1.05 kK	6.2 MPa	100 Steel
12 Volatiles 6 Oxite	50 Copper Ore 50 Nickel Ore	1.81 kK	21 MPa	100 Constantan
8 Volatiles 24 Oxite	50 Nickel Ore 50 Iron Ore	1.5 kK	19 MPa	100 Invar
3 Volatiles 30 Nitrice	150 Nickel Ore 150 Iron Ore	1.32 kK	18.6 MPa	300 Invar
1 Volatiles 1 Oxite	50 Silver Ingot *** 50 Gold Ingot ***	997 K	1.1 MPa	100 Electrum
1 Volatiles 2 Nitrice 3 Water Ice	50 Lead Ingot *** 50 Iron Ore	528 K	1.16 MPa	100 Solder

*** Ingots are used instead of raw ores to prevent the production of extra gases when making these recipes

Gaseous Fuel Recipes

A basic ice crushing, gas collection and measuring setup

In this setup fuel is pumped into the furnace from either pre-measured canisters or pumped into the furnace in measured amounts. Fuel is a 2:1 Volatile to O2 mixture, a close approximtion of this ratio can be obtained from the raw gases produced when 2 Volatile and 1 Oxite ices are put into an Ice crusher, or by melting the gases in an enclosed area and pumping the gases into a canister with an active vent. Raw gasses made from ices will have a ratio of 3.6% Nitrogen, 32.7% Oxygen, and 63.7% Volatiles, and the Volatile to Oxygen ratio will be 1.95:1 instead of 2:1, but it will burn adequately well.
The gas should be pumped into the furnace and ignited; the ores should be placed in the furnace as soon as the gases are ignited. It is not necessary to wait for the furnace to come up to temperature. Make sure to put the fuel in first, then press the activate button. Afterwards put in the ingredients and wait for the button to turn green again, until you see the "will produce" while hovering over the furnace. Then pull the handle and your alloy will be ejected.

Canister Pressure @ 0°C	Gases	Ingredients	Temperature	Pressure	Alloy
1,400 KPa Fuel	24 Mols Volatiles 12.3 Mols Oxygen	75 Iron Ore 25 Coal	910 K	4.63 MPa	100 Steel
160 KPa Fuel	2.8 Mols Volatiles 1.43 Mols Oxygen	50 Silver Ore 50 Gold Ore	610 K	1.39 MPa	100 Electrum
30 KPa Fuel	0.516 Mols Volatiles 0.264Mols Oxygen	50 Lead Ore 50 Iron Ore	417 K	1.09 MPa	100 Solder
(2x) 7,500 KPa Fuel	256 Mols Volatiles 131 Mols Oxygen	50 Copper Ore 50 Nickel Ore	1.9 kK	21.2 MPa	100 Constantan
(2x) 6,000 KPa Fuel (2x) 9,500 KPa Pressurant	205 Mols Volatiles 105 Mols Oxygen 538 Mols Pressurant ^^^	50 Nickel Ore 50 Iron Ore	1.38 kK	19 MPa	100 Invar

^^^These recipes use CO2 @ 0°C as a pressurant. Other pressurants such as Nitrogen, Pollutants, and Oxygen are possible, but they may result in different outcomes.

Tips

• Placing 15 ice(volatiles) and 15 ice(oxite) will bring pressure to around 22000kpa and temp 2000k. For Invar, you will have to wait for the temperature to drop before you can process. You can use this time while the pressure is still over 20000kpa to make constantan.
  
• All other alloys can be achieved with a ratio of 2 volatiles to 1 oxite
• If atmosphere inside and/or around furnace is too cold to melt ice one can press 'activate' button to manually melt one ice per ignition attempt. You will need to press the ignition button for each piece of ice from the first stack that you put in. Until all solid matter was melted the import slot will remain blocked.
• Reagent Mix can be re-melted to continue balancing the recipe should you need to gather more resources or find yourself unable to balance the temperature/pressure manually.
• On Vulcan the daytime temperatures allow smelting of many basic alloys right from the start by using an active vent, even high enough for Steel. This will save the very valuable, and limited oxygen of the player, especially on brutal start conditions.
• Placing 50 silver ore into an ignited furnace will produce 50 Mol of N2O inside the furnace, which can be further burned in the presence of volatiles resulting in a higher temperature after smelting. This will push the furnace temperature beyond what may be otherwise obtainable (early game daytime Vulcan, for example).

Additional fuel mixes

Prime	FAR	In: Mols		Result			Out: Mols
		H2	O2	Press.	Celcius	Kelvin	O2	H2	Co2	X
100 kPa	2:1	29	14	2 135	1 953	2 216	1	3	82	33
200 kPa	2:1	59	29	4 500	2 000	2 273	1	5	169	80
200 kPa	3:1	65	21	3 400	1 900	2 173	2	26	118	52
200 kPa	4:1	72	18	3 000	1 800	2 273	1	40	99	42
200 kPa	1:1	43	43	3 493	1 917	2 190	22	2	127	59
200 kPa	1:4	17	68	1 646	1 319	1 592	63	2	50	18
300 kPa	2:1	86	42	6 850	2 109	2 382	2	7	242	115
902.7 kPa	2:1	263	108	19.25 MPa	2 054	2 357	70	7	767	151
1 MPa	2:1	291	120	21.62 MPa	2 061	2 334	74	7	862	170
1.497 MPa	2:1	408	204	35.34 MPa	2 121	2 394	10	20	1163	581

Ore Off-Gassing

Ores being smelted release gases, unless they have been previously sent through a furnace or centrifuge. However both the centrifuge and arc furnace require additional time and energy to remove gases from ores, and the gases will be lost. These gases will increase pressure and lower temperature inside the furnace, but can also be beneficial to the smelting process. For example Solder, requires very little fuel to smelt due to the N20 released from the Lead Ore during smelting. Removing the N20 from the lead ore prior to smelting will result in the need for additional fuel to make up for it's loss.

CAUTION: As Vol is far more reactive with N2O and burns at a rate of 1:1, rather than 2:1 with O2, be cautious to not add additional volatiles after smelting silver or lead ores. Doing so could lead to rapid spikes in pressure and, not managed properly, could lead to a furnace exploding.

Ore	Out: Mols
	Vol	X	N2	CO2	O2	N2O
1 Biomass	8.0	4.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
1 Coal	0.0	3.0	0.0	10.0	0.0	0.0
1 Silicon	0.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.0	0.0
1 Iron	0.0	2.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
1 Gold	0.0	2.0	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.0
1 Copper	0.0	1.0	0.5	1.0	0.0	0.0
1 Silver	0.0	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.0	1.0
1 Lead	0.0	2.0	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.4
1 Nickel	0.0	1.0	0.5	1.0	0.0	0.0
1 Cobalt	1.0	0.0	3.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Data Network Properties

These are all Data Network properties of this device.

Data Parameters

These are all parameters that can be written with a Logic Writer, Batch Writer, or Integrated Circuit (IC10).

Parameter Name	Data Type	Description
Activate	Boolean	Activates the Furnace, when set to 1.
ClearMemory	Boolean	When set to 1,clears the counter memory(e.g.ExportCount). Will set itself back to 0 when actioned.
Lock	Boolean	Locks the Furnace, when set to 1. Unlocks it when set to 0.
Mode	Integer	Returns whether the Furnace is smelting. (0 for no, 1 for yes).
Open	Boolean	Opens the Furnace, when set to 1. Closes it, when set to 0.
Setting	Float	(Unknown) Affects the Setting output.

Data Outputs

These are all parameters, that can be read with a Logic Reader or a Slot Reader. The outputs are listed in the order a Logic Reader's "VAR" setting cycles through them.

Output Name	Data Type	Description
Activate	Boolean	Returns if the furnace is active.
Combustion	Boolean	Returns 1 if the furnace atmosphere is on fire.
ExportCount	Integer	How many items exported since last ClearMemory.
ImportCount	Integer	How many items imported since last ClearMemory.
Lock	Boolean	Returns whether the Furnace is locked.
Maximum	Integer	(Unknown) Returns 100.
Mode	Integer	Returns whether the Furnace is smelting. (0 for no, 1 for yes).
Open	Boolean	Returns whether the Furnace is open. (0 for no, 1 for yes).
PrefabHash	Integer	The hash of the structure.
Pressure	Float	Returns the pressure in the Furnace in kilo pascal.
Ratio	Float	(Unknown) Returns 0.5.
RatioCarbonDioxide	Float	Returns a range from 0.0 to 1.0. Returns the percentage ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide in the Furnace.
RatioNitrogen	Float	Returns a range from 0.0 to 1.0. Returns the percentage ratio of the amount of nitrogen in the Furnace.
RatioNitrousOxide	Float	Returns a range from 0.0 to 1.0. Returns the percentage ratio of the amount of nitrous oxide in the Furnace.
RatioOxygen	Float	Returns a range from 0.0 to 1.0. Returns the percentage ratio of the amount of oxygen in the Furnace.
RatioPollutant	Float	Returns a range from 0.0 to 1.0. Returns the percentage ratio of the amount of pollutant in the Furnace.
RatioVolatiles	Float	Returns a range from 0.0 to 1.0. Returns the percentage ratio of the amount of volatiles in the Furnace.
RatioWater	Float	Returns a range from 0.0 to 1.0. Returns the percentage ratio of the amount of water in the Furnace.
Reagents	Float	Returns the amount of reagents (smeltable ores, not counting ice) in the Furnace, in grams.
RecipeHash	int	Current hash of the recipe the device is set to produce.
Setting	Float	(Unknown) Affected by the Setting parameter.
Temperature	Float	Returns the temperature in the Furnace in kelvin.
TotalMoles	Float	Returns the total moles of the furnace.

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